Types of Ringworm
Ringworm
They are caused by a closely related group of filamentous fungi capable of invading the stratum corneum of the skin, hair and nails. The three main genera responsible for these infections are: Trichophyticus, Microsporum and ringworm.
Tinea infections are followed by the word designating the area or tissue, ringworm of the scalp, glabrous skin or groin. Individual defensive conditions are very important in the intensity of this infection. They tend to be more intense in diabetics, cancer, immunocompromised and those with high levels of corticosteroids.
Some of these may lead to infection with suppuration deepest being infected by bacteria in individuals with deficient defenses. Local conditions that help the progression of the disease are moisture, seborrhea and increased skin temperature.
Ringworm of the scalp:
It is an infection caused by Trichophyton tonsurans, and occasionally by Microsporum canis in young people aged 4 to 14 years. It is available through contact with hair, and infected cells that can be found in theater seats, combs, or hats.
These fungi are arranged in the base of hairs and destroy section on its base.The Microsporum Audouini, is characterized by a small pink spot something up at the base of the hair follicle expands peripherally forming a circular plate with red hair and amputees broken inside.
Appear several plaques with hair loss and the patient feels itchy lesions. The fungus called Trichophyton tonsurans multiple forms plaques amputee hair near the root. Other variants are presented with little more hair loss and swelling, or discharge producing lesions similar to seborrhea.
When infected lesions may be very different in appearance with small pustules or spots with pus and scabs and is called kerions. These also can cause fever and pain, swollen glands appear in the vicinity
Perhaps the most common are ringworm caused by Microsporum canis transmitted by dogs and cats and has no special characteristics in relation to those of T. tonsurans. Ringworm lesions can be confused with seborrheic dermatitis, psoriasis, alopecia areata, and peeling caused by uprooting and atrophic lesions of the skin of the head.
Treatment: Oral administration of Griseofulvin in microcrystals in 15mg/kg/día doses for 8 to 12 weeks, but treatment is recommended for.
ringworm of the glabrous skin:
It infects the skin of any part of the body except the palms and soles, may be caused by several species of dermatophytes, although Trichosporum rubrum and T. mentagrophytes are the most frequent. Are infected or sick people, hair and scaly skin remains infected with the fungus. Pets such as dogs and cats are common source of infection by Microsporum canis. Having developed a lesion serves to spread in the same individual and family. The most typical lesion is a little rash pink, slightly elevated or plaque that expands toward the periphery, while the center skin returns to its natural color, giving a ring of pink edges.
Treatment is with local enforcement agents as miconazole, clotrimazole, econazole, ketoconazole, terbinafine, naftifine, twice a day. In very large or complicated disease may require treatment with griseofluvina add, at the doses indicated, for 1 to 2 weeks.
Ringworm of the nails or onychomycosis:
There are varieties (T. mentagrophytes) more surface expressed by plaques on the nail surface without association with periungual tissue infection or deep infections. Other fungi such as T. rubrum deeper cause infections, which begins at the edges of the nail and progresses below this, with involvement of the finger periungual tissues.
The nail has a yellow and then becomes thick and soft with changes that reach the nail bed. In advanced infections, the nail takes on a dark brown to black and becomes brittle and soft.
These alterations can be confused with various dystrophies caused by trauma, psoriasis, lichen, and eczema. In these cases must be applied examination of infected tissues and even the crops of the same.
The treatment of nail mycoses is griseofulvin, in the indicated doses, but for longer periods (2 or 3 months) and controls identified from the toxic effects. It appears that itraconazole has a major effect on these infections, recommending intermittent courses of treatment (eg 200mg/day for 1 week of each month for 3 to 4 months).
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